FilerFrog integrates seamlessly with Windows Explorer. download and install the application to your computer. It won’t take long to see how quick and easy it is to use FilerFrog. It will organize your files and folders for you, all you have to do is tell them where to go!

Hint: A reboot will be necessary after the installation so be sure you have saved all your files and all other applications are closed.

Locate FilerFrog App

After the installation, you can open and use it by right clicking on the image or file you want to organize.

How To Extract A File From A Folder

FilerFrog allows you to easily extract files to and from folders faster than any tool of its kind. To move files from one folder to another, right click on the file and scroll to FilerFrog. In the drop down menu select Organize and then Extract Files to Folder.

Name the folder in the text box that opens and your image is now in that folder

You will now see a folder in the library you are working with. Here we are using pictures so in the picture library, you see the Home Decor folder I created and the file I extracted to it.

Move And Copy Files

To move more files or images to a folder, simply highlight the ones you want to move, right click on them to open FilerFrog and repeat the action of clicking Organize and Extract File To Folder. Select the folder and boom! They are all moved!

Delete Empty Files and Folders

In the Organize drop down menu we have been using, select the Delete Empty Files/Folders option. The application will search your local disk and delete any empty files and folders for you.

Split And Join

This option is best for combining folders of like content or If you begin a folder that grows too large to easily find content, you can reorganize it by using the Split and Join option. Open FilerFrog and in the drop down menu select Split to split the content or Join to join folders together.

Encrypt/Decrypt

To protect your files from unauthorized access, it’s important to encrypt any sensitive information. To do this, open FilerFrog and in the drop down menu select Security. Choose Encrypt and create a password to secure it. You will have to remember the password in order to decrypt the document.

Image Manipulation

Unless you are using FilerFrog mostly for work documents, the Image Manipulator will likely be the most loved feature of this application. This feature allows you to manipulate images right from Windows Explorer. Re-size an image, add a logo, and convert to JPG.

Just below that is Image Album which allows users to arrange photos in an easy to share PDF package. what family member wouldn’t love seeing pictures this way. You can also use it to send clients product images and suggestions!

I highly recommend using this app to organize your files and pictures. I worked with it to manage some of my files and it does the work for me in a blink of an eye without much effort! We would like to know what file manager you have used and how it compares to FilerFrog. Leave a comment!

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• Tweak Your Windows With Ultimate Windows Tweaker

1. Logon Screen Changer

Sure, you can change your logon screen manually, but what if you’re not a computer whiz and you’re afraid to edit your registry? There are tons of problems that could occur because of this, and the Tweaks.com team knows that you’re not always in the mood to look through your computer’s guts to change something on it. All you have to do is download the application here, run it, and click the “Change Logon Screen” button. You don’t even have to break a sweat!

2. CSMenu – Go “Retro” With Your Start Menu

Windows 7 includes a very versatile Start menu, but not everyone has a taste for the shiny and flashy Aero design on it. That’s why CSMenu’s developers came up with this nifty little application that reverts the W7 Start menu back to something you used to see in Windows 2000. The newer version of the application doesn’t need any dependencies and even allows you to make the Start menu translucent. You can download the application here.

3. GMail Notifications on Your Desktop

You can literally count the amount of Gmail notification applications for Windows on two hands, so why’s this one special? Well, it includes an interface that integrates taskbar features unique to Windows 7. When you right-click the application icon, it shows you the subject line of every unread message you have, a unique feature that helps you save time and wade through what’s not important when you’re busy. You can download Gmail Notifier Plus here.

4. NeoSmart Windows 7 Repair Disc Creator

Just bought a new computer and noticed it doesn’t have a recovery disc? Tons of PC retailers, aside from loading their PCs with really crappy cheap hardware (and software), are now making the Windows recovery disks a proprietary feature you have to buy. Instead of dishing out the cash, just create your own W7 recovery disk with NeoSmart. The company’s software lets you repair damaged files, use System Restore, and back up your system completely. Don’t let the fat cats in fancy suits take your money. Download the application here.

5. Winfox – Adding Taskbar Features to Firefox

When you right-click an icon on a task bar, you often get a list of things you can do with the application the icon belongs to. This is called a jump list. Mozilla seems to have forgotten to include such features in Firefox in recent versions, so Winfox comes to the rescue with a small program that modifies Firefox to do this. If you have Firefox 4 or above, you have nothing to worry about, but for those of you that chose to stick with older versions, you can download the application here.

6. Hulu Desktop Integration

For those of you that use Microsoft’s Windows Media Center and Hulu, someone had you in their mind. Hulu Desktop Integration allows you to switch between W7 Media Center and Hulu quickly, without having to go to your desktop. The application gives you a Hulu button in Media Center. Once you click it, Media Center closes, and Hulu comes up in full screen. Download the application here.

7. Stack Up Your Important Programs With StandaloneStack

Windows 7 has some very interesting features integrated in its taskbar, but it doesn’t integrate a stack of important applications like Windows XP did. StandaloneStack is your alternative to solve this issue. It integrates something like the quick start menu and lets you see all the icons in it with one single click. Download the application here.

8. Find Hidden Settings Easily With XdN Tweaker

Tired of looking through an overly complicated W7 control panel? XdN Tweaker solves this problem by including all those settings that are difficult to find in one simple package. Click here to download XdN Tweaker.

9. Make Alt+Tab Interesting

Are you tired of the oversimplified “Alt+Tab” window switching screen that has no new features? Developers at Ntwind Software came up with a free application that lets you get an elegant and complex interface for window switching, even showing you a preview of the widow you’re switching to. Once you install VistaSwitcher, you’ll feel like your OS has wings. And yes, as the name implies, it works both for Windows Vista and 7. Click here to download.

10. Get All Your Favorite Apps in One Interface

Are you planning on reinstalling Windows, or did you just get a new computer without any applications? Skip all the boring app installations you do whenever you’re breaking in a new OS and install all those applications using a custom installer by Ninite. The program works with almost every version of Windows up to W7. Click here to give it a shot!

The Run-Down

When I first heard about some of these programs, I’ve been wondering where they’ve been all my life. Every one of these tools does something wonderful to your computer and turns it into something that interacts with you in a way you probably didn’t think possible. All of them are free, meaning that brave developers took the plunge and dedicated their time to something they’ll never profit from.

If a project has a “Donate” button, and you feel like you’ve got the pockets for it, go ahead and give the project the recognition it deserves. Our contributions inspire new ideas and innovation in open application development that allow people like these to begin projects which benefit more people.

I certainly hope you enjoy these applications and benefit from at least one of them. Make sure that you leave a comment below. We’d love to hear what you have to say about the programs and your experience trying them.

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Installation

Begin by downloading the free AeroWeather gadget. It works for any computer running Windows Vista or Windows 7 (with Aero enabled) Home Premium and Ultimate. This gadget also requires you to have .NET Framework installed. If you don’t, it will prompt you to install it during the installation wizard.

Setup

Once the gadget is downloaded, run it and install to your desktop. To begin, enter the location zip code or city name you want to track weather in. The latest version now allows international use so you can use it when you travel or if you live outside the US.

Once the location is verified, choose to have your desktop change color based on weather conditions or temperature. You can easily change which option you have displayed by opening the application and adjusting any of your settings.

Customize the colors to be displayed by setting minimum and maximum temperatures in either °F or °C. Temperatures near or below your minimum temperature will display purple hues whereas, temperatures near or above your maximum temperature will display red hues.

If you set your display for conditions, the UI will be grey for cloudy, blue for sunny, white for snow, and dark grey for rainy weather.

Enabling night mode, will calculate the sunset time based on the weather server for your location and dim the Aero colors accordingly. When the sun rises in the morning, the colors will auto-brighten to the lively desktop you have come to enjoy!

Customization

If the standard default colors don’t suit your fancy, download AeroTuner to create your own Aero colors! It’s a freeware tool for Windows 7 which allows you to customize the color, stripes, glow and blur balances. In seconds you can create a unique color scheme unlike anyone else.

1. Download and install the application. Then open it and begin by adjusting the main color. Click on the main color box to open the menu of colors to chose from. Repeat for the glow color blending with the main color to create a custom Aero color.

2. Here is where you can really be creative by adjusting the color, after glow, and blur balances to your liking. Then adjust the Aero stripes to be more noticeable or fade away

3. Be sure to save your changes before closing the window. To restore the settings to the default settings, simply click on the “Restore” button.

It’s fast and easy so why not add a little color to your day?

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Begin by allowing access to the workstation. If your OS doesn’t have it already installed, the Standard Edition is free and can be downloaded quickly. It has all the main features most people would need to connect to a remote computer. If you need something more heavy-duty, there is a paid Enterprise version for connection needs such as VPN. Here is a walk through of how to setup the free Standard Edition of Remote Desktop.

Setup For Remote Desktop Connections

1. Go to the “Start -> Control Panel -> User Accounts (If they are enabled) -> System & Security“.

2. Under System, select the Allow Remote Access Tab.

3. When you enable the Remote Desktop, you have two options:

• Select “Allow connections from computers running any version of Remote Desktop” and click Apply. This option is for having more than one version of Remote Desktop enabled.
• If you have a single version of Remote Desktop running, simply select the last option.  “Allow connections only from computers running Remote Desktop with Network Level Authentication“

4. Click the “Select Users” button, followed by the Add button.

5. Next, we will select the users who will have access to the Remote Manager. Choose ”Advanced -> Find Now”. A drop down list will be displayed where you can select the users, computer or domain name that can be granted access. Click on the name who will be given access and click OK to save your changes.

6.  Click OK 3 times to exit all of the open windows and begin the Connection steps below.

Note: To revoke a users permissions to access Remote Desktop, select the account in the steps above, then select Remove.

Setup For Accepting Remote Desktop Connections

For an administrator to connect to your PC, they must have permission to access your computer. This is particularly helpful in a training situation and is often used for troubleshooting by a technician.

1. Set up access by going to the “Start -> Control Panel -> System -> Advanced System Settings”.

2. Select the Remote tab, then select the Allow Remote Assistance connections to this computer. At the bottom of the screen, select “Allow connections from computers running any version of Remote Desktop“. Lastly, select Advanced which will open a new screen. Select ”Allow this computer to be controlled remotely” and press OK.

Note: Before you can connect to a Remote Desktop you will need to configure your Router and Firewall

• Connect behind a Router with a single computer – Configure your Router’s port forwarding to allow port connections on 3389 then type in your IP address supplied by your ISP.
• Connect behind a Router with multiple computers – For each computer you want to remotely connect to, you will need to configure each computer to listen to different ports to avoid port conflicts.
• If you have a Firewall running, you will also need to configure that to allow communication to the port you opened in your Router.

Connect To Your Remote Desktop

Now that you have done all the work to set up the Remote Desktop, you will only have to start at this step each time you want to access the computers in your network.

1. Go to the “Start -> All Programs -> Accessories -> Remote Desktop Connection”.

2. A box like the one below will open where you will enter the address of your remote computer. Click Connect to enter your credentials.

3. Entering your credentials at sign in, will connect you to the Remote Desktop where you can access the PC in your network.

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1. Reduce time to display thumbnails in the taskbar

Sometimes it’s nice to be able to preview the current state of a program without switching to it. Windows 7 has a great little thumbnail feature, whereby if you hover over a program tab in the taskbar, it displays a thumbnail. However, the wait to display the thumbnail is a little on the long side. It’s possible to modify this so the thumbnail displays more quickly.

Note: Please create a restore point before modifying the registry as you could break something!

1. Click the Windows button and type “regedit” in the search box. Hit Enter.

2. Browse to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Mouse as per the image below:

3. Double click on MouseHoverTime. The default value is 400 – change it to around 150. This is the time in miliseconds until a thumbnail is displayed. Click OK and exit the registry editor. The change will take effect once you’ve restarted.

2. Use Hidden Themes

When you select your regionalisation option for Windows 7, it actually selectively installs a set of wallpapers and themes. If you selected Australia as your region on install, for example, you won’t be able to see the themes for the United States or Great Britain. There’s a way to gain access to them, thankfully, and it’s all quite simple.

1. Click the Windows button and type: C:\Windows\Globalization\MCT and hit Enter.

2. An explorer window will open and show you a list of folders as per the image below:

3. MCT-AU is the Australian set, MCT-CA is the Canadian set, and so on. To install one of themes, simply browse into the folder, then the “Theme folder”, then double click the only file in there (which will be AU.theme, CA.theme and so on), as per the image below:

4. New theme now installed and activated! Easy right?

3. Customise the Shut Down Button

If you’re anything like me, you might like to have the system automatically sleep or hibernate when you click shutdown, instead of shutdown. Yes, you could just click the little arrow next to it and select hibernate, but why not make your life easier? After all, this site is called Make Tech Easier, right?

1. Click on the Windows button and then right-click on the “Shut Down” button, click properties.

2. From the pulldown box, select what you want the power button to do.

4. Set a Different Location When Launching Explorer

When you launch explorer, it always opens in the Libraries folder. You might want it to open somewhere else, like Documents. In order to do so, we’ll need to change the explorer shortcut.

1. If you run explorer from the taskbar, ensure all explorer windows are closed and right click the explorer icon and click properties. If you run it from the Start menu, click the Windows button, type in explorer, and right-click the shortcut and click properties.

2. Looking at the image below, we can see that the default target for the shortcut is: %windir%\explorer.exe

Depending on which folder you want it to open in, we want to change it to: %windir%\explorer.exe c:\The Folder

So, for example, it could be %windir%\explorer.exe c:\Downloads as per below:

Now, when I click on the shortcut, it will open in the C:\Downloads folder.

What other Windows 7 tips did I miss out?

Image credit: Alan Dean

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When you install new software, run patch updates or setup new devices, Windows may automatically create a system snapshot before making changes to the system. Should something stop working, you then have the option to roll back the changes to one of these snapshots using system restore. Depending on your settings, Windows may also keep copies of files like your documents or pictures, which you can roll back to earlier versions.

The net effect of all of these “backups” is redundancy but less available drive space. If your system is working perfectly and you feel like freeing up some space, it might be time to take the plunge and wipe the shadow copy slate clean. Indeed, you potentially stand to gain many gigabytes of space depending on your settings. For example, on one of my RAID drives, system protection is set to use up to 1% of the drive, but that actually equates to an astounding 37GB!

There are essentially two options for reclaiming this space from the shadow copy void – you can choose to remove all restore points, or you can keep the newer ones and remove only the oldest restore points.

To remove the oldest shadow copies

Click the Windows (or Start) button and type cmd into the search box. Press “Ctrl + Shift + Enter” to open a command prompt as Administrator. You may be prompted by UAC – if so, click Yes. At the command prompt type the following:

vssadmin delete shadows /for=c: /oldest

This will wipe the oldest shadow copies on drive C:. If you have another hard drive on which you wish to do the same, simply substitute the drive letter where you see “c:” in the command.

To remove all shadow copies

Click the Windows (or Start) button and type cmd into the search box. Press “Ctrl + Shift + Enter” to open a command prompt as Administrator. You may be prompted by UAC – if so, click Yes. At the command prompt type the following:

vssadmin delete shadows /for=c: /all

This will wipe all shadow copies on drive C:. If you have another hard drive on which you wish to do the same, simply substitute the drive letter where you see “c:” in the command.

Reducing the amount of available space for Shadow copies

Go to Control Panel, ensure small icons are selected in the top right “View by” pull down, and click on System. Then click System Protection, and select the drive you wish to modify shadow copy settings for. Then click Configure. You can reduce the “max usage” slider (try to leave it at least 600MB to ensure it can create at least one shadow copy). Click OK.

If your system is working fine, you may as well create a current restore point by clicking Create in this window.

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Mac users are not limited to Boot Camp to run Windows on their Macs however, with applications such as VMware Fusion allowing the user to run Windows within OS X; as long as your Mac is powered by an Intel processor and has enough RAM to do so (4GB recommended, though less is possible), you can now seamlessly move between each OS’s flagship programs and enjoy the increase in productivity which this brings.

Read on to see how this process works…

Why Run Windows Within OS X?

There are various reasons you may wish to run a copy of Windows within your Mac – sometimes there’s that last piece of legacy software which you can’t let go of, a printer or other hardware peripheral not supported in OS X, or a job which requires you to run Windows software. Whatever the reason, we’ve got you covered, albeit with one caveat; though great strides have been made with running Windows-based games within a virtual environment, unless you have a powerhouse of a Mac, your machine may struggle with any but the more lightweight or previous generation Windows games.

Getting Started

There are a number of ways to go about running Windows within OS X but the leading three programs are:

• VMware Fusion
• Parallels
• Virtualbox

Each have their own strengths, weaknesses and method of use. My own experience with the trio on various platforms has led me to believe that Parallels is the strongest for gaming, Virtualbox is best for non-gaming use and is less intuitive to get running (though the fact it is free negates this point somewhat), while VMware Fusion is the finest all-rounder and easy to use too – so I shall be using VMware Fusion in this guide.

To get started, first head over to the VMware Fusion website and download a free 30-day trial, then go through the installation process and move on to the next step below.

Installing Windows

Launch VMware Fusion and, assuming you do not already have a BootCamp partition in place on your Mac (if you do, select it from the menu), choose the second option titled “Install Windows or another operating system in a new virtual machine“. Now either insert your Windows disc or navigate to the place on your hard drive where your pre-ripped disc image is located.

This done, be sure to select an “Easy Install” and then a decision must be made whether to create an installation which is “More Seamless” or “More Isolated”, depending on your needs and browsing habits. As you can see in the screenshot above, I chose the former, since I will keep a close eye on what my Windows install is doing and feel comfortable I can avoid any issues. If in doubt, choose “More Isolated”.

Further settings can be customised at will to suit your particular system. For instance, I upped Windows’ RAM allowance to 2GB since I have plenty to spare on my MacBook Pro, though the default preferences be safely left alone if you’re unsure which values to enter. Once this initial setting up of your virtual machine is done, press on the green play button to begin installing Windows, which will install as it normally would in a typical environment.

Note: Though I am using Windows 7 for this walkthrough, most iterations of Windows should work without issue within VMware Fusion

Running Windows Fullscreen

You may prefer to run Windows fullscreen, just as it would be if you were running a normal Windows computer, to do so is as simple as launching VMware and clicking on your virtual machine, then waiting while Windows ‘unfreezes’ – this is an important aspect of running Windows within a virtual machine to note: You need not shutdown and power off your virtual computer each time you access Windows, instead VMware will ‘suspend’ your Windows session in its current state and allow an ‘unfreezing’ of this later.

As shown in the screenshot above, Windows 7 runs perfectly well and Internet Explorer, Outlook and all the other Windows applications run as normal. Since I’m running OS X Lion and make use of the new Spaces layout, a four-finger swipe to the left is all that’s required to move me back into Lion’s environment. This is a handy method of using both operating systems at once, but if you only want one or two Windows applications running within OS X, it seems somewhat cumbersome, so read on to take a look at VMware Fusion’s Unity and Application Menu options.

Making sure you quit any applications you do not need running in OS X will help VMware Fusion run quicker

Unity View

VMware Fusion also has the ability to integrate Microsoft Windows software within Mac OS X in a more seamless manner, even placing applications into OS X’s dock and making those applications behave as one would expect a Mac OS X application to behave, responding to Option-click ‘Quit’ commands. Running Windows in this way is called Unity View – to begin using VMware Fusion in Unity Vew, simply navigate to the view menu located at the top of VMware Fusion’s window and select “Unity”.

As you can see in the screenshot above, I have Windows 7′s Start Menu visible alongside OS X Lion’s Dock and can switch between Mac and Windows software without any noticeable lag.

Application Menu

Another useful tool within WMware Fusion’s feature set is the Application Menu. Sitting in the Mac OS X Menu Bar, the Application Menu serves as a shortcut to Windows’ Start Menu and enables applications to be launched without needing to first manually boot into Windows. Though there is some lag when initially using the Applications Menu, once Windows is fully loaded, it works quickly and unobtrusively. Utilising the Application Menu in this way is my own favoured method of launching Windows applications within Mac OS X.

Conclusion

Hopefully the above walkthrough will show you how surprisingly easy it is to have the best of both worlds and boot into Mac OS X’s stable and virus-free platform, while enjoying the ubiquitous software which can be found on Microsoft’s own OS. Though this is by no means an exhaustive guide to running Windows in OS X, it should serve as inspiration for your own experiments and a launching-off point to begin. The great thing about running operating systems in a virtual machine method as employed by VMware Fusion is that it does not require potentially destructive partitioning of your hard drive, so long as you’re careful, it’s a very safe and easy way to run Windows on your Mac

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You might wonder why this is a problem. Well, obviously if your system has more than 2GB of RAM, it’d be great to allow your applications or games to make use of it. Furthermore, some applications actually crash when they hit this limit, or start popping up boxes with out of memory errors. If you work on large excel files (500,000 rows+) then you’ll know what I’m talking about.

The Solution

Thankfully, there’s a solution! A great coder by the name of Daniel Pistelli has written a little patching application that will modify your 32-bit programs, and allow them to address up to 4GB of RAM. It’s important to remember that this utility is only useful if you are running a 64-bit OS. If you don’t know what I’m talking about, then here’s an easy way to check:

1. Go to Control Panel, and click view by “small icons” in the top right hand corner
2. Click System
3. As per the image below, next to System Type, it should say 64-bit operating system. If it doesn’t then this utility is of no use to you.

The second thing to remember is that this utility can only be used on 32-bit applications. If you are unsure if an application you are running is 32-bit, run task manager by pressing CTRL-SHIFT-ESCAPE. Click the tab for processes. A list of currently running programs will load. Find your application in the list, and look to see if it has *32 next to it. The example image below illustrates what I mean.

Using the patch

Assuming that you’ve followed the previous two points and now wish to patch your 32-bit application, first backup the executable file of the program you wish to patch. If the patching process fails, or if you need to download an update for the program you are patching, you may need to revert to the original file. Remember, you only need to backup the executable file for the program (i.e. the file with a .exe extension), not the entire program folder itself. Once you’ve done this, download the patching utility from here. Run it, and it will ask you to select your program. Simply select the executable file you wish to patch and the utility will work its magic. Upon completion, it will ask you if you wish to patch another file. If you do, go ahead, if not, quit!

Conclusion

If all goes well, your application should now be able to make use of up to 4GB of RAM. Obviously this will be most useful for resource-intensive applications, and you’ll probably see the greatest benefits with games. Some productivity software will also benefit, assuming you aren’t utilising the 64-bit versions of these (e.g. Excel, Photoshop, 3D Studio Max, and so on.)

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In this tutorial, you will learn about file streams and how you can put them to good use.

Each file in Windows system comes with a default stream where application can use to store information. A file can also have more than one of streams (also known as alternate streams), but they are seldom used by applications.

How To Hide Text Information On a File

It is a good practice for applications to store data in alternate streams rather than the default stream. However, almost every program we use don’t even care about this. They just use the default stream and forget about the possibilities of a file having more than one stream. Creating an alternate stream is as easy as using the command file:stream in command prompt.

To hide text information on a file, we just have to create an alternate stream and store information into it. In this case, we are going to use a file with the name “program.exe“.

Open a command prompt. To create a new stream, type:

notepad "program.exe:hide"

The next window will appear:

Notepad will create an alternate stream with the name “hide.txt” inside program.exe. Once we click yes we can save whatever text we want:

If you copy the “program.exe” file to another location, it will carry this file along. To access the stream, you will need to use its name, in this case ‘hide.txt’ which makes it even harder for someone  to read it.

How to Check If A File Is From External Sources

Windows use this feature to control the source of files. It is also a good way to improve your security since you can now find out the source of the file. To check if a file came from another computer or the Internet, right click on the file and select Properties.

In the general tab, you will see information about the file:

How to Manage File Streams

While you can easily create a stream, Windows doesn’t come with any tool to view which files have streams. Nor is it able to list out the streams associated with the files. If we want to see this information, you have to use a simple application call “Streams”. This is a old program created by Mark Russinovich, who is currently a Microsoft staff.

Download Streams by Sysinternals

With this program, you can see if a file contains more than one stream. It also show the name of that stream and the size.

From the image below, you can see that many files has a ‘Zone.Identifier:$DATA‘ stream. This is used by Windows to store information about the source of the file. It will only exist if the file is originated from other computers or Internet.

By default, Windows will block downloaded program from Internet. If you are sure about the safety of the file, you can use Streams to delete this data so Windows doesn’t ask you to unblock the program every time you run it.

Alternative means to view streams

If you are using Windows Vista or 7, you can use the dir command with /R switch to view the stream. In the image below, you can see that the streams information appear if we use the /R switch.

You can see that “file.exe” contains two streams. One is unnamed (the default) and the other is “Zone.Identifier:$DATA”. For a file that doesn’t came from another computer or Internet, this stream doesn’t exist.

Do you know of any other ways to hide confidential data within a file?

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There are several advantages to using th command line instead of the visual interface:

• We can check on individual item, and isolate those that are causing the problems.
• Command line tend to have more options so we can test the system deeply.
• We can use scripts to automate the process.

In this article, we will show you how to diagnose and fix network problems using the command line.

To get started, first make sure that you are running the command prompt with Administrator privilege.

How to know if your cable is connected

You can use the ipconfig tool to check if you are experiencing some problem with your cable. Windows will show up a list of the interfaces and if they are connected or not.

How to know if your gateway is working

A gateway is the device, usually a router, that connects your computer to other networks and Internet. If you cannot connect with your device, it is pretty sure you are not going to connect to the Internet. First you need to know the IP address of the device. You can use Ipconfig to give us the information about the default gateway:

Now you can use ping to test if the gateway respond. This tool informs if a device with a given IP is answering. In plain English, with this test, we know that our network adapter, the cable and the router are connected correctly.

How to know if your dns is working

A DNS server is capable of converting a site name, for example www.maketecheasier.com, to its IP address. To connect to a computer in Internet, Windows needs that number. If you cannot connect to your DNS , it is almost impossible that Internet works.

As you can see in this case I have the same router and DNS IP address.

To test the DNS you can use nslookup. This command make a query to that server. In the following image you can see how the server resolve Make Tech Easier address.

How to know if a process is opening too much connections

Every time a program needs to connect to Internet or other machine, it opens a new connection. A router can only handle a limited number of connection. If for any reason, a program opens many connections, you can end up with a block Internet.

We can do this with the command netstat and the parameters “a” and “b”

netstat -a -b

You can see what programs are using these connections. In this case, you can see that I have a program named “Filezilla Server” listening in port 21.

How to check firewall rules

Firewall misconfiguration can lead to Internet malfunctioning. A firewall configuration is no more than a set of rules deciding whether an application can access the Internet or not. By default, these rules appear in abundance and you cannot see all of them in one screen. Instead, we can insert this information on a text file using the following commands:

netsh advfirewall firewall show rule name=all > firewallrules.txt

notepad firewallrules.txt

The first command access the firewall configuration and write it to a text file. The second command open the text file in a new notepad window.

A basic use of the netsh utility can inform us if there is one or more blocking rules to that use the command:

netsh advfirewall firewall show rule name | find "Block"

Unfortunately it doesn’t show what is the program blocked by that rule.

What other tricks do you use to test your internet connections?

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In this tutorial, we are going to show you how to limit the disk space usage of your users in Windows 7.

Limiting the user’s profile size

In Windows 7, the user profile is usually stored in “c:\users\username” (replace username with the name of the user). This profile includes all the data related to an user. You will be able to find “Desktop”, “Documents”, “Music”, “Videos”, “File settings”, etc within this profile folder.

Note: This tutorial can only be used in Ultimate, Professional and Enterprise editions. Other versions of Windows 7, such as the Home Premium or Basic, doesn’t include the group policy editor.

We are going to use an inbuilt utility so there is no need to download or use third party applications. Our first step is to open the group policy editor.

Click the Start button and type “gpedit.msc” (without quotes) in the search field.

Once the Local Group Policy Editor window appears, go to “Local Computer Policy -> User Configuration -> Administrative Templates -> System -> User Profiles”.

On the right pane, you should be able to see a list with multiples entries. Scroll down the list to find an entry “Limit profile size”. It should show “Not Configured” under the State column.

Double click the “Limit profile size” entry. This will open up a configuration window. At the top, select the “Enabled” button.

At the bottom, you can set the maximum profile size for each user profile and the custom message to show when the size is exceeded.

Optionally, you can select the option “Notify user when profile storage space is exceeded” so that your system will notify the users when the limit is reached.

For Windows earlier than Vista, when the profile size is exceeded, the system won’t let the user log off until the profile size size is reduced to within the limit. For Windows Vista and above, the user can still log off, but they won’t be able to sync their profile with the roaming profile server.

Note: Windows, in this case only control profile size. It will not control direct sub folders of the C drive or other drivers different that the one containing the system.

Do you have ever use an application to limit the file usage by an user?

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We have previously covered how to use the Resource Monitor to track your application. In this article, we are going to show you a more powerful tool – Process Monitor, to get the job done.

Process Monitor is a very sophisticated application. It records every access to files, registry and it is a must-have tool if you are experiencing a system problem. It doesn’t matter if you are a beginner or you are an advanced user, working with this application is much easier than you think.

In this tutorial I have used a free benchmark program, NovaBench, for creating the scenario. I have selected this utility because is free and I want some system activity. Of course you can use Process Monitor with other programs as well.

1. Download Process Monitor

Download the latest version of Process Monitor (The latest version as of this post is 2.94)

2. Execute the program

There is no installation required, but you need to run it as Administrator. Right click on the file and select “Run as administrator”

2. Stop Capture Events.

By default, the utility starts capturing events the moment you run it. As we have to change some options before using the program, we need to stop it. Go to the File menu and uncheck “Capture Events“.

3. Press Clear.

Click “Clear” to remove all the irrelevant entries in the window.

4. Configure Profiling Events.

Go to the Options menu and select “Profiling Events…“. This will instruct the utility to capture the execution log of each process or program.

5. Set Thread Profiling Options

Check “Generate thread profiling events“, and select “Every 100 milliseconds“:

6. Select Capture Events

Now the program is ready to do its work. Go to the file menu and select “Capture Events” to start the process.

7. Stop Capture Events.

When you are done with your test, go to the File menu again and uncheck “Capture Events“.

8. Show An Activity Summary

Go to the Tools menu and select “Process Activity Summary“. This will display a summary of all the recorded log.

9. Order by CPU usage.

A new window pops up. The program allows you to order by different measures. In this case, we are going to select CPU usage.

From here, we can see that the Microsoft Security Essential is using the most CPU resources. It also shows the total user CPU and kernel CPU usage.

10. Order by RAM usage.

Alternatively, you can also sort the processes by its memory usage. This will allow you to see the application that is taking up the most memory instead of CPU resources.

What other tools do you use to monitor your computer?

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In this tutorial, you will learn how to protect your system from an untrusted software.

1. Use your Antivirus

This may sound pretty obvious, but it is surprising that many people are not fully utilizing it. Some malware are known to prevent antivirus from running properly, so before you install anything, it is best to scan the file before running it.

This check is not going to take more than 1 minute and it is definitely worth your effort. If you don’t have any antivirus suite yet, Microsoft Security Essential is a good choice.

2. Check Digital Signatures

Some files include a signature to provide information about the developers who created the file. Virus and malware programs don’t usually include this information. We can easily check a file for its signature and discard those suspicious software that don’t come with one.

Right click on any file. Select “Properties”:

If the program include signatures information, you will see a new tab:

In this case we see that is signed by “RealVnc Limited“.

Note: Not all valid programs are signed, but at least you can eliminate the probability of a virus if the program include digital signature information.

3. Create A Restore Point

Every time you are going to make something risky with your computer, make sure you create a restore point. This applies to installing of a new antivirus suite or a new driver as well. Having a restore point allows you to restore the system back to an earlier time before the changes are made. Here is the way to create a restore point:

Using the search function in windows 7 type “create restore point” and select the program:

Go to the “Create” button:

Now the system will ask for a name for that restore point and create it. Select a descriptive name so you can find it easily.

4. Create A Standard User

Windows 7 creates its first user with administration rights. This user has the permission to do almost everything in your computer. It is a really good practice to never use your admin account for normal use of the computer. The best way is to create a standard user for your everyday use.

Go the search function type “user accounts” and press Enter:

Select “Create a new account“:

Type a name for the user, remember to check “Standard user” and click over “Create account“:

5. Restrict Access To Internet

Many viruses use Internet to look for updates. Other kind of malware, such as keyloggers, send every key you type to Internet. So if you don’t trust a program, you should block its access to the web.

Search for “windows firewall advanced“.

Goto “Outbound Rules” and select “New Rule…“:

In this case we are going to block a normal program, so select this option and press next:

Select “Block the connection” and press next:

Now you are done.

Note: If you are testing out a software, you can also use Windows XP Mode for Windows 7 or a virtual machine using Virtual Box to prevent any changes to your system.

Do you use any other security tips in your computer?

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For the example, we are going to use a folder with the name “Important Files“. Right click the folder and select “Properties“:

Click “Advanced“:

Select “Encrypts contents to secure data” and select OK:

You can either just apply the attribute to a folder or apply it to all subfolders and files as well. In this case, I will apply the encryption to any children object, as files or subfolders:

That’s it. As you can see, it is very easy to encrypt a file/folder.

Now, most of you will start asking “where is the encryption key and how do I back it up?”

Backing up your encryption certificate

Windows store all the encryption detail in a certificate. This certificate acts like a key to your safe. If you lose your certificate (the key to safe), you won’t be able to access your files anymore. That’s why you need a backup file.

Go to the Start menu. Using the search function, type “manage encryption” (without quotes). Select “Manage file encryption certificates“:

A window appears. It shows information about what you can do with the utility. Press Next:

Select the certificate you want to backup. In this case, there is only one:

Select the location to backup your certificate and enter a password to protect the file. It is very important that you copy this file to other device, and of course that you remember the password:

Now, the program allows you to associate this certificate to previously encrypted files. In this case, as we are creating a backup copy, just press Next:

The utility will show a message with information, just press Close. Done!

For those who are looking to encrypt your USB drive, check out the Bitlocker to Go

Have you ever use Encryption File System before? Do you think is a handy feature or do you prefer something like Bit Locker?

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Note: The following tricks will modify your registry. It is best to backup your registry before you proceed. This hack only works in Windows 7 or Vista. It will not work under Windows XP.

The Registry Hack

We are going to change some entries, so when you use the context menu, you will see this menu:

Download the Firewall registry file here

The text in this file is:

Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\exefile\shell]

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\exefile\shell\Add To Firewall]

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\exefile\shell\Add To Firewall\command]
@="netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name=\"%1\" dir=out action=block program=\"%1\""

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\exefile\shell\Delete From Firewall]

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\exefile\shell\Delete From Firewall\command]
@="netsh advfirewall firewall delete rule name=\"%1\""

Double click the file.

Click Yes to the User Account Control message:

Next, go to the search tool in the Start menu and type “uac” (without quotes)

Drag the slider now to “Never notify” and click Ok.

Restart your computer.

Note: You only need to set the UAC to “Never notify” when you want to add or delete a program from the firewall. Once you have blocked the programs, restore the UAC settings to the defaults.

An Example

To illustrate, we are going to add the Internet Explorer to the Firewall and prevent it from accessing the Internet.

1. Use the Find utility in the Start menu, type “Internet Explorer”.

2. Right click on the “Internet Explorer” entry and select “Add To Firewall“.

If you go to the Firewall settings, you will see that Internet Explorer has been added to the Outbound Rules.

Selecting the “Delete From Firewall” will remove the app from the list.

Uninstalling

In case you don’t want this feature, download the file UninstallFirewall.reg

The text of this file is:

Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

[-HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\exefile\shell\Add To Firewall]

[-HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\exefile\shell\Delete From Firewall]

First, unblock all the applications that you have previously blocked.

Secondly, double click the uninstall file. When prompted, press OK. The Firewall options will disappear from the context menu.

Note: Always remember to restore the User Account Control to the default settings.

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There is no need to have more than one administration account in a machine. In this example the account we are going to block is a normal user. If you are thinking about controlling the usage of some applications by an user, the first step is not granting more than the necessary rights, so check what kind of account is.

1. Login into the system

The first thing we have to do is login to the administrator account. By default, Windows creates the first user as administrator, so you just have to login to the first account that you have created. We are going to use file system permissions to block Excel 2003 for an user named “User“. This technique can also be used in Windows Vista and XP.

2. Looking for the file

Microsoft Excel 2003 files are located at “C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\OFFICE11“:

1. Go into Computer.
2. Go to C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office11.
3. Right click on the Excel launcher and select “Properties”.

3. Security Tab

Go to the “Security Tab” and select the “Edit” button:

We need to change the permission for a specific user. Since its name is not in the list, we will have to add it in. Click the “Add” button.

Now type “User” (without quotes) and press OK:

Highlight the newly added “User” entry. At the bottom pane, check the permissions that you allow/deny to the user. What we are going to do here is to deny the user from opening it, so we check the box “Read & execute” under the Deny column. Once that is done, press OK.

You will see a Windows Security prompt. It informs you that if a user belongs to two groups, one with “allow” permission and another with “deny” permission, the deny permission will take precedence and prevent the user from using the app. Click Yes to continue.

That’s it. When logged in to this “User” account, the following message will appear when you attempt to open the Excel application.

If you want to restore the permissions, just go to the Security tab of the file and follow these steps:

1. Select User.
2. Select Remove.
3. Press OK.

Do you know any other method to control software usage for Windows 7 Home or Starter?

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To reset login password in Windows 7, we are going to use the Offline NT Password & Registry Editor by Pogostick. This program can also be used to edit your registry from a boot CD. This can be very useful if you are dealing with a faulty driver.

Note: If you are using EFS encrypted files you cannot recover it using this method.

Download The ISO File

Go to Pogostick.net and click the BootDisk button.

Download the latest Bootable CD Image.

Unzip the downloaded file and open the folder. Right click the ISO file and select “Open”.

On the window that pops up, check the box beside “Verify disc after burning” and click “Burn”. Make sure you have a blank CD-R in your disc drive.

Execute The Utility

Restart your computer and boot from the CD. When it starts the following screen appears:

In case you have problems, for example the application don’t continue with the process, you can use one of the options on the screen. It’s very unlikely you need this so just press “Enter”.

The program need some information before it can clear the password. In this first step it will scan your computer for the Windows partition. In a default installation of Windows, it will create 2 partitions, one for boot and another for the whole system. You should see this information in the screen.

The first, the one that CD named as sda1, is used for booting purposes. In this example, you have to select the second one (the entry that contains your Windows system). Just type “2″ (without the quotes) and press Enter.

The program will start to scan for the location of the registry files. It’s very uncommon that the registry is not inside the default folders, so it shouldn’t have any problem locating it. When the process is finished, it will display the path. Press “Enter” to continue.

The program will list the registry content. Press space-bar to go to the end of the list registry. Select “Password Reset” by typing 1 (follow by ENTER).

Now we are going to select “Edit user data and passwords”. Type “1″ (without the quotes) and press Enter:

It will show a list of the users that have been found on the system. In this case I will use the administrator. Of course you can change other users as well.

Select “1″ (without the quotes) to clear the user password:

A message informing about password cleared will appear. Do the following steps to make it permanent:

• Type “!” and press Enter if you don’t want to clear more password accounts.
• Type “q” and press Enter, the program will ask you if there is something to save.
• Type “y” and press Enter. In case you select “n”, it will revert any changes you have made.

The utility then ask if you want to run it again. Select no, and press “Ctrl + Alt+ Supr” to finish the process. Now you can use that user account again. Don’t forget to quit the CD before starting your computer again.

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This handy utility can even restore data after an installation of your new Operating System or a format of your computer. For me, this is a must-have tool.

Norm has previously covered how to use Recuva to recover long lost files. In this tutorial, we will cover the Recuva portable, a portable app that you can bring along in your USB.

Some of the useful features in Recuva include:

• Recover from damaged or formatted disks. It is worth to try a recover program even if the drive is not working properly. The best option in this case is using other computer to scan for lost files.
• Recover deleted emails. Recuva, as other programs of this kind, look for the header of a file trying to identify the content. It can even used to restore lost emails.
• Restore Unsaved Word documents. When you are working with Word or other Office programs, it stores temporal backups even without your knowledge. Recuva can identify them and restore your work.
• Delete files you want to erase forever. It is easy to find files even as they have been deleted. The program helps you to erase a file so cannot be recover using other programs.

The utility can be used to recover any sort of documents, pictures, music or video.

1. Download Recuva Portable

2. Unzip the downloaded file. This is what you are going to get:

Recuva can work in both 32 bits and 64 bits system. Depending on your system architecture, double click the icon most suitable for your system.

The Recuva Wizard will appear and ask you for the kind of files you want to recover. The more specific you are the faster you will find a file. Here you can see the kind of document the utility can recover. For example it can find emails only created by Thunderbird, Outlook Express and Windows Mail, so if you are using other email client, don’t use this option.

Select File Location. If you are dealing with a complex situation, a hard drive that has being formatted or you are not sure where the files are located, the best way to go is using the first option:

Recuva will ask if you want to enable “Deep Scan”. In this case it will take more time to find files, but you will also be more likely to locate the files that you are looking for.

Recuva starts to work:

Finally it will show you the files:

You just have to select the entries and click the Recover button. That’s it.

What other programs do you use to restore your lost files?

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In this post we will show you how you can diagnose and solve your hard disk problems with the default tools in WIndows 7.

Note: The order is not random. Follow these steps, according to their orders, to see if the issues get solved.

1. Using Windows 7 Error Checking Tools

Sometimes when we found a problem, we tend to install third party applications and forget about the basic tools that come bundled with Windows. Unknown to many, many complex issues can be easily fixed using programs that are part of Windows operating system since its first release. A simple interface doesn’t mean it is a useless utilty.

First, double click “My Computer”.

Now select the drive you want to inspect and right click:

Go to tools tab, and click “Check now…”:

Now, check that you select automatically fix and scan for bad sectors:

If Windows cannot perform the checking because the disk is in use, it will ask to schedule the next time you start your computer.

2. Using Windows 7 Recovery CD

Other way to check your hard disk is using the Windows 7 Recovery CD. These tools can be found in the Windows 7 CD or with a System Repair CD.  You can learn how to do it here:

How To Create A System Repair Disc in Windows 7

You can use this CD to look for problems in your hard disk. You have to boot your computer with this CD. Once you have selected your language, you will see a window asking what tool you want to start. In this case we are going to use the command prompt:

Once you do that type “chkdsk c: /R” and press Enter to launch the application:

The verification process has 5 stages. CHKDSK verify files, indexes, security descriptors, USN Journal, file data and free space.

3. Using System File Checker

Not all files in your computer are essentials for your operating system. System File Checker will check those files and solve any integrity problem.

Use the find utility in the start menu. Type “cmd”, rigth click and select “Run as administrator”.

Now in the command window, type "sfc /scannow" and press Enter.

The result will inform you if there is any integrity violations.

What other ways do you use to check the health of your hard disk?

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In MSE, one of the useful feature is the ability to schedule scan at ghost hour so it can keep your computer safe, yet not interfering with your work. However, in some situations, the scheduled scan might not work as intended.

In this post, we will show you how to properly setup a task in your computer. This task will wake your computer at night, carry out the routine scan and shutdown the system after it has finished its work.

Configure MSE

First, open the Start menu and type Security Essentials:

Go to the Setting tab. Activate the “Schedule Scan” option and determine the time that you want it to run.

It’s important to configure this way so Microsoft Security Essentials will create the scheduled task and we can change it to work the way we want.

Modifing the scheduled task

Open the Task Scheduler:

Go toTask Scheduler ->Task Scheduler Library ->Microsoft Antimalware:

Rigth click the created task and select “Properties”.

Go to the Conditions tab, uncheck the option to start the task only if the computer is idle and check the option to wake the computer to run this task.

Note: For the system to wake your computer, your BIOS has to support Advanced Power Management (APM) version 1.2 or later for this to work.

Shutdown the computer after task completion

After configuring the computer to wake at ghost hour to do the scanning, you will find that there is no way to configure it to shut down. Fret noe, we have created a script that will do the job for us.

1. Open the Notepad.

2. Copy and paste the script below to the notepad:

@echo off

:start

tasklist | find "mpcmdrun.exe" /I

if %errorlevel%==0 (goto wait) else (goto start)

:wait

tasklist | find "mpcmdrun.exe" /I

if %errorlevel%==1 shutdown -s -t 60

goto wait

You should see something like this:

Save it as “%userprofile%/shutdownaftermse.bat”.

Now go again to the task, right click and select “Properties”. Go to “Actions” tab and add this script.

Select the file:

Press OK.

That’s it. Your computer will now wake to do the system scanning and shutdown after it has completed its job. What other ways do you use to schedule your scans?

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